10.2. Operator Numerical

• + - add

• - - sub

• * - mul

• / - truediv

• // - floordiv

• ** - pow

• % - mod

• @ - matmul

• += - iadd

• -= - isub

• *= - imul

• /= - idiv

• //= - itruediv

• **= - ipow

• %= - imod

• @= - imatmul

• -obj - neg

• +obj - pos

• ~obj - invert

10.2.1. About

Table 10.1. Numerical Operator Overload

Operator	Method
obj + other	obj.__add__(other)
obj - other	obj.__sub__(other)
obj * other	obj.__mul__(other)
obj / other	obj.__truediv__(other)
obj // other	obj.__floordiv__(other)
obj ** other	obj.__pow__(other)
obj % other	obj.__mod__(other)
obj @ other	obj.__matmul__(other)
obj += other	obj.__iadd__(other)
obj -= other	obj.__isub__(other)
obj *= other	obj.__imul__(other)
obj /= other	obj.__idiv__(other)
obj //= other	obj.__itruediv__(other)
obj **= other	obj.__ipow__(other)
obj %= other	obj.__imod__(other)
obj @= other	obj.__imatmul__(other)
-obj	obj.__neg__()
+obj	obj.__pos__()
~obj	obj.__invert__()

10.2.2. Operator Module

>>> from operator import add
>>> from operator import sub
>>> from operator import mul
>>> from operator import truediv
>>> from operator import floordiv
>>> from operator import mod
>>> from operator import pow
>>> from operator import matmul
>>> from operator import neg
>>> from operator import pos
>>> from operator import invert

10.2.3. Example

>>> from dataclasses import dataclass
>>>
>>>
>>> @dataclass
... class Vector:
...     x: int
...     y: int
...
...     def __add__(self, other):
...         new_x = self.x + other.x
...         new_y = self.y + other.y
...         return Vector(new_x, new_y)
...
...     def __iadd__(self, other):
...         self.x += other.x
...         self.y += other.y
...         return self
...
>>>
>>>
>>> a = Vector(x=1, y=2)
>>> b = Vector(x=3, y=4)
>>> c = Vector(x=5, y=6)
>>>
>>> (a+b) + c
Vector(x=9, y=12)
>>>
>>> a += Vector(x=10, y=20)
>>> print(a)
Vector(x=11, y=22)

10.2.4. Use Case - 0x01

• Game

>>> hero @ Position(x=50, y=120)  
>>>
>>> hero['gold'] += dragon['gold']  

10.2.5. Use Case - 0x02

>>> from dataclasses import dataclass, field
>>>
>>>
>>> @dataclass
... class Astronaut:
...     firstname: str
...     lastname: str
>>>
>>>
>>> @dataclass
... class Crew:
...     members: list[Astronaut] = field(default_factory=list)
...
...     def __iadd__(self, other):
...         self.members.append(other)
...         return self
>>>
>>>
>>> ares3 = Crew()
>>> ares3 += Astronaut('Mark', 'Watney')
>>> ares3 += Astronaut('Melissa', 'Lewis')
>>>
>>> print(ares3)
Crew(members=[Astronaut(firstname='Mark', lastname='Watney'), Astronaut(firstname='Melissa', lastname='Lewis')])
>>>
>>> for member in ares3.members:
...     print(member)
Astronaut(firstname='Mark', lastname='Watney')
Astronaut(firstname='Melissa', lastname='Lewis')

10.2.6. Assignments

Code 10.22. Solution

"""
* Assignment: Operator Numerical Matmul
* Complexity: easy
* Lines of code: 3 lines
* Time: 3 min

English:
    1. Make object understand following call: `position @ (1, 2)`
    1. Overload `@` operator, to take `tuple[int, int]` as argument
    2. Set `x` and `y` coordinates based on passed values
    3. Run doctests - all must succeed

Polish:
    1. Spraw aby obiekt obsługiwał to wywołanie: `position @ (1, 2)`
    1. Przeciąż operator `@`, aby przyjmował `tuple[int, int]` jako argument
    2. Zmień koordynaty `x` i `y` na podstawie przekazanych wartości
    3. Uruchom doctesty - wszystkie muszą się powieść

Hints:
    * `object.__matmul__()`

Tests:
    >>> import sys; sys.tracebacklimit = 0

    >>> position = Position()
    >>> position
    Position(x=0, y=0)
    >>> position @ (1, 2)
    >>> position
    Position(x=1, y=2)
"""

from dataclasses import dataclass


@dataclass
class Position:
    x: int = 0
    y: int = 0

Code 10.23. Solution

"""
* Assignment: Operator Numerical IAdd
* Complexity: easy
* Lines of code: 3 lines
* Time: 5 min

English:
    1. Overload operator `+=`
    2. Make `Astronaut` objects able to add `Missions`, for example:
       a. `mark = Astronaut(firstname='Mark', lastname='Watney')`
       b. `mark += Mission(2035, 'Ares3')`
       c. `mark += Mission(2040, 'Ares5')`
    3. Run doctests - all must succeed

Polish:
    1. Przeciąż operator `+=`
    2. Spraw aby do obiektów klasy `Astronaut` można dodać `Mission`, przykład:
       a. `mark = Astronaut(firstname='Mark', lastname='Watney')`
       b. `mark += Mission(2035, 'Ares3')`
       c. `mark += Mission(2040, 'Ares5')`
    3. Uruchom doctesty - wszystkie muszą się powieść

Hints:
    * `object.__iadd__() -> self`

Tests:
    >>> import sys; sys.tracebacklimit = 0

    >>> astro = Astronaut(firstname='Pan', lastname='Twardowski', missions=[
    ...     Mission(1969, 'Apollo 11'),
    ... ])
    >>> astro += Mission(2024, 'Artemis 3')
    >>> astro += Mission(2035, 'Ares 3')

    >>> print(astro)  # doctest: +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE
    Astronaut(firstname='Pan', lastname='Twardowski',
              missions=[Mission(year=1969, name='Apollo 11'),
                        Mission(year=2024, name='Artemis 3'),
                        Mission(year=2035, name='Ares 3')])
"""

from dataclasses import dataclass


@dataclass
class Astronaut:
    firstname: str
    lastname: str
    missions: list


@dataclass
class Mission:
    year: int
    name: str